What are the structural parts of energy storage equipment

Energy storage devices incorporate various structures that are vital for their functionality: 1) Capacitors, composed of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material; 2) Batteries, which include an anode, cathode, and electrolyte; 3) Fuel cells, utilizing an anode, cathode, and electrolyte for chemical energy conversion; 4) Supercapacitors, combining characteristics of batteries and traditional capacitors. [pdf]